Bird List for Okinawa Prefecture

A Check-list of the Birds of Okinawa Prefecture

Part 3: Passeriformes



Order PASSERIFORMES
Family PITTIDAE
280. Pitta nympha. Fairy Pitta. Yairocho.
Status: Straggler or rare migrant.
Record: No record on the BL for the prefecture. Tamashiro saw one bird on 15 July 1979 on Yagaji, Nago-shi, Okinawa, new for prefecture.

281. Pitta sordida. Hooded Pitta. Zuguro-yairocho.
Status: Accidental.
Record: One was captured during June 1984 on Ishigaki by Osamu Shimamura who reported it in Yacho 476. This was the first for Japan.

Family ALAUDIDAE
282. Melanocorypha bimaculata. Bimaculated Lark. Kubiwa-koutenshi.
Status: Straggler.
Record: The BL has one old record for Japan (Hachijo, March 1923). Three have been found on Okinawa. McWhirter, Ikenaga, Higa, and others had one at Namizato, Kin-cho from 19-24 November 1985. Another was at Nishizaki, Itoman-shi from 1 February (Kaneda) to 1 March (Higa) 1986. See Yacho 475 and WBO. One was seen by McWhirter and Joe Gentile at Nishizaki, Itoman-shi again on 25 April 1987. Iozawa observed one bird at Agari-zaki, Yonaguni on 10 March 1989.

283. Calandrella cinerea. Short-toed Lark. Hime-koutenshi.
Status: Straggler or rare winter visitor.
Record: One was at Nishizaki, Itoman-shi from 1 December 1985 to 8 March 1986. There were many observers. See WBO. In 1987, McWhirter observed one at Camp Kinser, Urasoe-shi, Okinawa on 4 April and one at Nishizaki, Itoman-shi, Okinawa on 25 April. The lark was new for the prefecture.

284. Calandrella rufescens. Lesser Short-toed Lark. Ko-hibari.
Status: Straggler.
Record: One was seen on 3 November 1985 on Tokashiki by Higa and Kaneda. Nishizaki, Itoman-shi was the site of one from 1 February (Kaneda) to 30 March 1986. It was seen and photographed by many, see WBO. The lark is not on the BL, but there are records in BOJ.

285. Alauda arvensis. Skylark. Hibari.
285-1. Subsp. A. a. japonica. Hibari.
Status: Uncommon winter visitor.
Record: The BL has sites for the subspecies from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa) and S. Ryukyus (Miyako, Iriomote-obs. Yonaguni-obs.). Kaneda recorded the bird on Iheya on 3-5 February 1984, and McWhirter saw it on Tokashiki on 7 January 1986.

285-2. Subsp. A. a. pekeninsis. Oh-hibari.
Status: Uncommon winter visitor.
Record: There were 5-7 individuals of apparently this subspecies at Namizato, Kin-cho, Okinawa throughout the winter of 1985-86. They were seen by many observers and a photo is in WBO. Ikenaga also had the subspecies at Miyagi, Higashi-son on 30 March 1986. These are the first records of the subspecies from the prefecture.

Family HIRUNDINIDAE
286. Riparia riparia. Sand Martin. Shohdo-tsubame.
Status: Common migrant.
Record: The BL has no Ryukyu records, but since May 1973 (Beringer 1976), up to 1986, there has been ten or more sightings of 1-4 birds on Okinawa, mostly in October and November. See WBO. There is a February 1978 record on the OL. Ikenaga saw one bird on 21 May 1985 at Miyagi, Higashi-son, Okinawa. Two were seen on Iheya on 3 November 1985 by Ikenaga and Numaguchi. It is on the ML for May and October and the YL as transient.

287. Hirundo rustica. Barn Swallow. Tsubame.
287-1. Subsp. H. r. gutturalis. Tsubame.
Status: Common migrant with several breeding record.
Record: The BL has sites from the Ryukyus (Amami-oshima to Yonaguni) and Daito Is.

287-2. Subsp. H. r. saturata. Akahara-tsubame.
Status: Uncommon migrant.
Record: The BL has sites from Yonaguni. Takuki Hanashiro photographed one bird on Kin-cho, Okinawa on September 1984 (CD).

288. Hirundo tahitica. Pacific Swallow. Ryukyu-tsubame.
Status: Locally common resident.
Record: It is resident on Okinawa and transient in S. Ryukyu (ML, YL). The status of the swallow in the prefecture is uncertain on the BL. The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa, Zamami), S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki, Yonaguni, Iriomote-obs.) and Daito Is. (Kita-daito, Minami-daito). The bird recorded from small islands near Okinawa; on Iheya (3-5 February 1984 by Kaneda), Tonaki (10 October 1986 by Ikenaga), Aka (20 May 1985 by McWhirter) and Tokashiki (8 October 1985 by McWhirter).

289. Hirundo daurica. Red-rumped Swallow. Koshiaka-tsubame.
Status: Uncommon migrant.
Record: It is on the BL for Ishigaki for the prefecture. The OL has it with no data. Since May 1973 (Beringer 1976) there has been over 13 records of 1-15 birds on Okinawa during migration. There is a photo in WBO. Eight were seen on Tokashiki on 20 October 1985 by McWhirter and the Cresslers. Ikenaga and Numaguchi saw one on Iheya on 2-4 November 1985. The swallow is on the ML for April and October, and Kohno and Shoyama (1982) report it on Iriomote on 29 November 1977 and 30 January 1980. The latter date may represent the first winter record for Japan.

290. Delichon dasypus. Asian House-martin. Iwa-tsubame.
Status: Common migrant.
Record: Up to 1986, there are eight records of 1-20 birds on Okinawa, with four of the records in November and one each in October, December, March, and June. The December sighting was on the 24th in 1982 by Brazil and Poulsen. Ikenaga and Numaguchi had one from 2-4 November 1985 on Iheya. Two were seen on Tokashiki on 1, 29 April 1986 by McWhirter, Ikenaga, and others. The swallow is on the ML for April and November, and on the YL for 7 November 1980 on Ishigaki and 4 February 1980 on Iriomote. These are new site and winter records. The BL has observation records from Iriomote and Yonaguni.

291. Delichon urbica. (Northern) House-martin. Nishi-iwatsubame.
Status: Straggler.
Record: The CD has a photograph probably of this species taken by Ohshiro at the Mukue River, Itoman-shi on November 1993.

Family MOTACILLIDAE
292. Dendronanthus indicus. Forest Wagtail. Iwami-sekirei.
Status: Uncommon winter visitor.
Record: The YL notes it for winter. Kohno & Shoyama (1982) list one for 13 February 1977 on Iriomote. The ML has it from October to December. On Okinawa, one was seen by McWhirter on 23 November 1983 at Namizato, Kin-cho, one was seen by Ikenaga and Numaguchi on 9 December 1984 at Kijoka, Ohgimi-son, two were seen by Nakasone and others, and photographed by Speegle from 20 December 1985 to 14 February 1986 near Konbu, Gushikawa-shi, one was seen by Tomoharu Gima and M. Kaneshiro during the same winter at Kijoka, Ohgimi-son, and 5-6 birds were seen by Takehara, Ikenaga, and others from 22 February to 9 March 1986 at Gesashi, Higashi-son (Yacho 485, see WBO), and Mano and Ozaki (pers. comm.) have banded 2 to 6 birds on Isagawa, Nago-shi in the winters of 1974 to 1976. McWhirter observed the bird on Tokashiki on 7 October 1986. These are new sites for the prefecture; the BL has sites from the S. Ryukyus (Yonaguni) and Daito Is. (Minami-daito), with no winter records for Japan.

293. Motacilla flava. Yellow Wagtail. Tsumenaga-sekirei.
Status: Common migrant and winter visitor.
Record: There are no winter records for Japan on the BL, but during 1979 to 1986, McWhirter has seen 1-7 birds at three paddy sites during six of the last seven winters on Okinawa I. It is also on the YL for winter. McWhirter observed the bird on Tokashiki on 8 October 1985, and Ikenaga observed two birds on Tonaki on 10 October 1986. The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa) and S. Ryukyus (Miyako, Ishigaki, Iriomote, Kohama-obs, Kuro-obs, Yonaguni).

293-1. Subsp. M. f. taivana. Kimayu-tsumenaga-sekirei.
Status: Common migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa) and S. Ryukyus (Miyako, Ishigaki, Iriomote, Kohama-obs, Kuro-obs, Yonaguni).

293-2. Subsp. M. f. simillima. Mamijiro-tsumenaga-sekirei.
Status: Common migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has sites from the S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki, Yonaguni). There are also records on Okinawa. One was seen by Ikenaga on 6 May 1982 on Miyagi, Higashi-son. Higa photographed one bird on Itoman-shi on 25 April 1988 (NWBO).

293-3. Subsp. M. f. plexa. Shiberia-tsumenaga-sekirei.
Status: Rare migrant.
Record: The BL has no record for Japan. There are several recent records from Okinawa. One was photographed on Yagaji, Nago-shi on 15 March 1987 by Ikenaga. Higa photograph one bird on Itoman-shi on 27 March 1988 (NWBO).

293-4. Subsp. M. f. macronyx. Kita-tsumenaga-sekirei.
Status: Rare migrant.
Record: The BL has no record for Japan. One bird was photographed on Sonai, Yonaguni on 29 March 1977 by Kiyosu (1977).

294. Motacilla citreola. Citrine Wagtail. Kigashira-sekirei.
Status: Rare migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has three records, none for Ryukyu. one was photographed by Koyama on Yonaguni on 1-2 April 1982 (YL, Yacho 430). Another was photographed by Hanashiro near Ada, Kunigami-son, Okinawa where it stayed from 3 January to 4 February 1985 (Yacho 473). A third was photographed by Kaneda on Ishigaki on 27 December 1985. Higa photographed one female on Itoman-shi, Okinawa on 9 April 1988 (NWBO, CD). Iozawa observed one female on Yonaguni on 14 March 1994.

295. Motacilla cinerea. Grey Wagtail. Ki-sekirei.
Status: Common winter visitor.
Record: The BL has sites from the Ryukyus (Amami-oshima to Yonaguni) and Daito Is.

296. Motacilla alba. White Wagtail. Haku-sekirei.
296-1. Subsp. Motacilla alba lugens. White Wagtail. Haku-sekirei.
Status: Common winter visitor. Note: Russian researchers elevated M. a. lugens to M. lugens, Black-backed Wagtail (Morlan 1981; see also Roberson 1983, AOU Check-list 1983). This "species" is common in the prefecture in winter.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa), S. Ryukyus (Miyako, Ishigaki, Iriomote, Kuro, Yonaguni) and Daito Is. (Minami-daito). Kaneda recorded the bird from Aguni on 24 April 1982 and from Zamami on 16 October 1982. McWhirter saw it on Tokashiki on 30 September 1986. Ikenaga observed one bird on Kita-daito on 3 March 1984 (also Miyagi & Takehara 1992).

296-2. Subsp. M. a. leucopsis. Hoojiro-hakusekirei.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has sites from the S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki). McWhirter has four observations of the subspecies on Okinawa in March; one male on 1 March 1987 at Namizato, Kin-cho, Okinawa. Higa photographed one on 19 January 1992 on Kin-cho (NWBO). It is regarded as a common transient on Iriomote by Kohno and Shoyama (1982). Iozawa has observed the bird as a common winter visitor on Yonaguni, since 1989.

296-3. Subsp. M. a. ocularis. Taiwan-hakusekirei.
Status: Rare migrant.
Record: There is only one questionable observation record from Danjo Is. in the BL. One male in breeding plumage was seen on 27 April 1983 on Miyagi, Higashi-son, Okinawa by Ikenaga, and another was seen on 22 March 1984 near Yone, Tomigusuku-son, Okinawa by McWhirter. Iozawa observed two birds at Sonai, Yonaguni on 15 March 1994.

296-4. Subsp. M. a. baikalensis. Shiberia-hakusekirei.
Status: Rare migrant.
Record: Not in the BL, but there are several recent records in Japan. Ikenaga saw one bird on 23 November 1982, at Kijoka, Ohgimi-son, Okinawa. Iozawa (1993) saw and photographed one male during 7 to 11 March 1992 at Sonai, Yonaguni.

296-5. Subsp. M. a. alboides. Neparu-hakusekirei (tentative Japanese name).
Status: Straggler.
Record: Not in the BL. Iozawa photographed one young male on 19 February 1994 on Sonai, Yonaguni for the first subspecies record in Japan.

297. Motacilla grandis. Japanese Pied Wagtail. Seguro-sekirei.
Status: Rare winter visitor.
Record: There is an ambiguous record for the "Ryukyus" on the BL. Shimabukuro reported one from northern Okinawa during December 1981. One was seen by M. Kaneshiro, Brazil and others at Kijoka, Ohgimi-son, Okinawa from 18 December 1983 to 22 January 1984 (Yacho 465). On 11 January 1987, one was seen at Nakaoshi, Nago-shi, Okinawa by M. Kinjo, Ikenaga and others. Takehara photographed one bird on Kijoka again on February 1991 (NWBO), The wagtail is on the YL with no information, but is listed for April and May for Iriomote by Kohno and Shoyama (1982).

298. Anthus novaeseelandiae. Richard's Pipit. Mamijiro-tahibari.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: There are no BL records for Japan in winter. McWhirter saw three on 2 December 1980 and two on 5 January 1981 on Kadena Air Base, Kadena-cho, Okinawa. Ikenaga found four on Miyagi, Higashi-son, Okinawa on 5 January 1985. Up to 1986, there are about six other records from Okinawa, all from short grass habitat. See WBO. The pipit is also on the ML as uncommon from October to March. Kaneda saw the bird on Zamami on 16 October 1982. Ikenaga and Numaguchi observed it on Iheya on 2 November 1985. The BL has sites from the S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki, Yonaguni) and Daito Is. (Minami-daito) with an observed record on Okinawa, Kuroshima and Hateruma.

299. Anthus godlewskii. Godlewski's Pipit. Ko-mamijiro-tahibari.
Status: Rare migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has only one record from Yonaguni on September 1921. There are recent observation records from Yonaguni (Iozawa).

300. Anthus hodgsoni. Indian Tree Pipit. Binzui.
Status: Common winter visitor.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa), S. Ryukyus (Miyako, Ishigaki, Iriomote, Yonaguni) and Daito Is. (Minami-daito).

301. Anthus trivialis. Tree Pipit. Yoroppa-binzui.
Status: Straggler.
Record: Not in the BL. McWhirter and Gentile observed one bird on Nishizaki, Itoman-shi, Okinawa on 25 April 1987. (see Appendix).

302. Anthus gustavi. Petchora Pipit. Sejiro-tahibari.
Status: Rare migrant and winter visitor.
Record: Beringer (1976) reports a series of observations from Okinawa that had best be considered hypothetical. Some wintering Anthus cervinus have quite whitish stripes on their back. Based on call-notes, McWhirter may have had one at Namizato, Kin-cho, Okinawa on 1 March 1981, and perhaps another four there on 30 January 6 February 1982. McWhirter and Nakasone saw and heard one on Tokashiki I. on 14 October 1986. There are no BL winter records for Japan. Okinawa would be a new prefecture site, Tokashiki is a new site. The BL has sites from the S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki, Iriomote); Shoyama found a dead body on 24 September 1995 on Iriomote.

303. Anthus cervinus. Red-throated Pipit. Muneaka-tahibari.
Status: Common migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has no winter records from Japan. McWhirter has found flocks of up to 150 at nine sites on Okinawa every winter since 1980 up to 1986. Short grass is the preferred habitat; flocks of 60-80 birds are common. The ML and YL also have the pipit as wintering. The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa, Kume), S. Ryukyus (Miyako, Ishigaki, Iriomote-obs., Kohama-obs., Kuro-obs., Yonaguni) and Daito Is. (Minami-daito). Kaneda observed the bird on Aguni on 24 April 1982 and on Iheya on 3-5 February 1984. McWhirter saw it on Tokashiki on 5 November 1985. Miyagi & Takehara (1992) recorded the bird from Kita-daito.

304. Anthus rubescens. American Pipit. Tahibari.
Note: This species is usually regarded as conspesific with A. spinoletta but sympatric with the latter in the Transbaicalia region of Siberia (Nazarenko 1978, from Sibley and Monroe 1990).

304-1. Subsp. A. r. japonicus. Japanese Pipit. Tahibari.
Status: Common migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa) and S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki, Yonaguni-obs., Senkaku-obs.). Kaneda observed the bird on Aguni on 24 April 1982 and on Iheya on 3-5 February 1984. McWhirter saw it on Tokashiki on 8 October 1985. (photo in CD).

304-2. Subsp. A. r. rubescens. American Pipit. Amerika-tahibari.
Status: Rare winter visitor.
Record: The BL has no record for the subspecies from Japan nor for the subspecies as "A. spinoletta rubescens". McWhirter recorded it at Namizato, Kin-cho, Okinawa, 13 birds in a group on 22 January 1985 and 9 birds on 24 January 1985. There is a photograph probably this subspecies in NWBO and CD as A. spinoletta).

Family CAMPEPHAGIDAE
305. Coracina melaschistos. Dark-grey Cuckoo-shrike. Asakura-sanshokui.
Status: Straggler.
Record: One was found on 6 March 1975 on Iriomote (YL, Yacho 351). This was the second record for Japan and the first for the prefecture.

306. Pericrocotus divaricatus. Ashy Minivet. Sanshokui.
306-1. Subsp. P. d. tegimae. Ryukyu Minivet. Ryukyu-sanshokui.
Status: Common resident.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa) and S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki, Iriomote). This subspecies has a few winter records on Kyushu.

306-2. Subsp. P. d. divaricatus. Ashy Minivet. Sanshokui.
Status: Uncommon migrant or winter visitor.
Record: It is on the ML for April. Osawa & Osawa (1995) reported it from Minami-daito on May 1989, and Ikeda (1986) recorded the bird from Kita-daito. Kaneda observed probably this subspecies on Aguni on 24 April 1982. These are new sites for the prefecture. Presumably they were the migratory subspecies. The BL has sites from the S. Ryukyu (Ishigaki, Yonaguni).

Family PYCNONOTIDAE
307. Pycnonotus sinensis. Chinese Bulbul. Shirogashira.
Status: Locally common resident.
Record: First seen on Okinawa I. in 1976 by Higa and others. The population is increasing and individuals were seen as far north as Gushikawa-shi by Nakasone and others, see WBO. The BL has sites from the S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki, Iriomote, Kohama, Kuro, Hateruma, Yonaguni). The birds in Okinawa I. are probably different from the Yaeyama subspecies "P. s. orii" (Kinjo and others 1987, Hanawa and others 1987, Nakamura & Hanawa 1987).

308. Hypsipetes amaurotis. Brown-eared Bulbul. Hiyodori.
308-1. H. a. pryeri. Ryukyu-hiyodori.
Status: Common resident.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa, Iheya, Zamami, Kume) and S. Ryukyus (Miyako). There are records for the bird from small islands near Okinawa; on Aguni (24 April 1982 by Kaneda), Tonaki (10 October 1986 by Ikenaga) and Tokashiki (8 October 1985 by McWhirter).

308-2. H. a. stejnegeri. Ishigaki-hiyodori.
Status: Common resident.
Record: The BL has sites from the S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki, Iriomote, Taketomi, Kuro).

308-3. H. a. nagamichii. Taiwan-hiyodori
Status: Common resident.
Record: The BL has sites from the S. Ryukyus (Yonaguni).

308-4. H. a. borodinonis. Daito-hiyodori.
Status: Common resident.
Record: The BL has sites from Daito Is. (Kita-daito, Minami-daito).

308-5. H. a. amaurotis. Hiyodori.
Status: Common winter visitor.
Record: Breeding in and around Honshu to Kyushu. The BL has records from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa) and S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki, Hatoma).

308-6. H. a. hensoni. Ezo-hiyodori.
Status: Uncommon winter visitor.
Record: Breeding in Hokkaido. The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa, Zamami, Kume).

Family LANIIDAE
309. Lanius tigrinus. Thick-billed Shrike. Chigo-mozu.
Status: Straggler or rare winter visitor.
Record: One was seen on 4 January 1976 on Ishigaki (YL). Tange (1982) reported three birds in Yonaguni, one bird in Iriomote and another one in Ishigaki in the February 1981. Another was reported near Nago, Okinawa on September and October during 1976 to 1979 by Tamashiro. There are no winter nor Okinawa records on the BL.

310. Lanius bucephalus. Bull-headed Shrike. Mozu.
Status: Uncommon migrant and locally common resident breeding on Daito Is.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa), S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki, Iriomote, Yonaguni) and Daito Is. (Kita-daito, Minami-daito). Ikenaga and Numaguchi observed two females on Iheya on 3 November 1985.

311.Lanius cristatus. Brown Shrike. Aka-mozu.
311-1. Subsp. L. c. superciliosus. Aaka-mozu.
Status: Rare migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has no winter records for Japan; however, it winters on S. Yaeyama (YL, Kohno & Shoyama 1982, ML). McWhirter saw one on Tokashiki on 7 January 1986.

311-2. Subsp. L. c. lucionencic. Shima-akamozu.
Status: Uncommon migrant.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa, Tokashiki), S. Ryukyus (Miyako, Ishigaki, Iriomote, Kuro, Yonaguni) and Daito Is. (Kita-daito, Minami-daito)-resident?. Kaneda saw the bird in Zamami on 16 October 1982 and in Iheya on 3-5 February 1984.

311-3. Subsp. L. c. cristatus. Kara-akamozu.
Status: Locally uncommon migrant.
Record: The BL contains a doubtful Japanese record. Iozawa has observed the subspecies every spring on Yonaguni since 1989.

312. Lanius schach. Long-tailed Shrike. Takasago-mozu.
Status: Straggler.
Record: One on Iriomote during 22-24 March 1985 was reported by Takao Maeda and Atsuko Shimizu (Yacho 470, WBO), and photographed by many. This was the first record for Japan.

Family BOMBYCILLIDAE
313. Bombycilla garrulus. Bohemian Waxwing. Ki-renjaku.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa). The ML has it for October and November, and the YL has it for Yonaguni during January 1982. These are new prefecture sites.

314. Bombycilla japonica. Japanese Waxwing. Hi-renjaku.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa). The ML has it for October and November, and the YL for March and April; nine birds were observed on 4 April 1995 on Iriomote (Shoyama). These are new prefecture sites. The records for both waxwings are the most southern for Japan.

Family TROGLODYTIDAE
315. Troglodytes troglodytes. Wren. Misosazai.
Status: Straggler or rare migrant.
Record: One was seen on 23-24 December 1952 near Sate, Kunigami-son, Okinawa by Ono (1953). Another single bird was recorded on 23 December 1990 near the Taiho-gawa River, Ohgimi-son, Okinawa by Azama and others (1991). Iozawa has observed the bird as a common winter visitor for Yonaguni since 1989. These are almost certainly valid records. The only record for the prefecture on the BL was from the resident race on the Daito Is. There is a breeding subspecies in Taiwan (Wang and others 1991).

315-1. Subsp. T. t. orii. Daito-misosazai.
Status: Treated as extinct.
Record: The BL recorded from Minami-daito. This local "resident" subspecies is known only by a type specimen, and differs from the subsp. T. t. mosukei, but is similar to the subsp. T. t. fumigatus breeding on the Honshu mainland (Yamashina 1938). It remain a question as to the existence of the subspecies orii as a straggler from Honshu northward.

Family TURDIDAE
316. Erithacus komadori. Ryukyu Robin. Akahige.
Status: Endemic. Locally common resident, or rare migrant and winter visitor.
316-1. Subsp. E. k. namiyei. Hontou-akahige.
Status: Localy common resident on northern Okinawa.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa, Kerama), where it is resident. The status of the population of Kerama is not clear now.

316-2. Subsp. E. k. subrufus. Usu-akahige.
Status: Treated as resident in the S. Ryukyus. However, there are few records in the breeding season and no evidence for nesting.
Record: The BL has site from the S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki, Iriomote, Yonaguni). It is straggler on Miyako (ML). On Okinawa, Takehara photographed one male "E. komadori; Akahige" with black flanks at Mt. Katsuu-dake, Nago-shi, where E. k. namiyei is not distributed, on 22 September 1987. Kawaji & Higuchi (1989) treated this subspecies as synonymous with the subsp. E. k. komadori. The "E. komadori; Akahige" with black flanks type is also recorded from Taiwan (Wang 1986).

317. Erithacus calliope. Siberian Rubythroat. Nogoma.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: It is not on the BL for winter, but McWhirter has recorded 1-6 birds at over twenty sites on Okinawa every winter since 1980. The species occurs on grass/shrub slopes and in sugarcane. Although rarely seen, it is commonly heard (McWhirter 1986). It was also heard by McWhirter on Tokashiki during the winter of 1985-86. The ML notes it only for March, and the YL has it as transient, but Kohno and Shoyama (1982) have it as wintering on western Iriomote. The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa-obs.), S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki, Iriomote, Yonaguni-obs.) and Daito Is.

318. Erithacus svecicus. Bluethroat. Ogawa-komadori.
Status: Straggler or rare winter visitor.
Record: One male was seen on 12 December 1979 near Maehara, Gushikawa-shi, Okinawa by Nagamine, and from 20 November 1982 to 12 February 1983 at Kijoka, Ohgimi-son, Okinawa by Ikenaga (Yacho 438). A female was seen on 24 November 1985 on Iriomote by Nakasone and Yamashiro. There are no Ryukyu records on the BL; these are new sites for a straggler to Japan.

319. Tarsiger cyanurus. Red-flanked Bluetail. Ruri-bitaki.
Status: Uncommon winter visitor.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa, Kume) the S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki, Iriomote, Yonaguni). The bird was observed in Iheya (3-5 February 1984 by Kaneda) and Tokashiki (26 November 1985 by McWhirter).

320. Phoenicurus auroreus. Daurian Redstart. Jo-bitaki.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa, Zamami, Kume) and S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki-obs., Iriomote-obs., Yonaguni-obs). Kaneda and others observed the bird on Iheya on 23-25 November 1984. Ikenaga saw three males and one female on Kita-daito on 2-3 March 1984 (also in Miyagi & Takehara 1992). Osawa & Osawa (1995) reported it from Minami-daito during December 1990 to January 1991. The bird was also recorded from Tokashiki (26 November 1985 by McWhirter).

321. Saxicola torquata. Stonechat. No-bitaki.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: There are at least nine records for Okinawa, including one on 21 February 1983 near Hiji, Kunigami-son by McWhirter, King, and Robinson. Kaneda and others had one on Tokashiki on 20 October 1985, and there is also a record from Iheya on 3 November 1985 by Ikenaga and Numaguchi. There is a January record on the ML. These are all new prefecture sites. There are no Japan winter records on the BL. The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Iejima) and S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki, Iriomote, Yonaguni).

322. Saxicola ferrea. Grey Bushchat. Yamazaki-hitaki.
Status: Straggler or rare migrant.
Record: A male was on Iriomote from 4-6 April 1983, Abe has a photo of it in Yacho 442. Yacho 464 carried a photo of two males on Yonaguni on 16 March 1984. These were the second and third records for Japan. On Yonaguni, the bird is sometimes seen in winter, Iozawa saw one on 17 February 1990.

323. Saxicola caprata. Pied Bushchat. Kuro-nobitaki.
Status: Straggler.
Record: One male was seen and photographed by Iozawa (1991) during 24 January to 2 March 1989 on Sanninu-dai, Yonaguni. This was the first record for Japan.

324. Monticola solitarius. Blue Rockthrush. Iso-hiyodori.
324-1. Subsp. M. s. philippensis. Red-bellied Rockthrush. Iso-hiyodori.
Status: Common resident.
Record: The BL has sites from all Ryukyus (Amami-oshima to Yonaguni) as well as Daito Is. (Kita-, Minami-, Oki-daito).

324-2. Subsp. M. s. pandoo. Blue Rockthrush. Aohara-isohiyodori.
Status: Straggler.
Record: Maki and Osawa saw one bird on 10 March 1990 on Sonai, Yonaguni and Iozawa photographed it the next day (Iozawa 1991). This is the first record for the subspecies in Japan.

325. Monticola gularis. White-breasted Rockthrush. Hime-isohiyo.
Status: Straggler.
Record: The BL has only one female record from Japan. One male was observed by Yoshimi on 11 February 1986 on Funaura, Iriomote. This may be the second record, and first male record from Japan.

326. Zoothera sibirica. Siberian Thrush. Mamijiro.
Status: Straggler or rare winter visitor.
Record: The YL has one for 23 February 1974 on Iriomote, and Kohno & Shoyama (1982) have a December record for W. Iriomote. These may be the same bird. The BL has no Ryukyu or Japan winter records.

327. Zoothera dauma. White's Ground (Scaly) Thrush. Tora-tsugumi.
327-1. Subsp. Z. d. aureus. White's Ground Thrush. Tora-tsugumi.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa) and S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki, Iriomote-obs). Iozawa observed a few birds in 1989 and 1990 as winter visitors for Yonaguni. Osawa & Osawa (1995) reported the bird from Minami-daito during December 1990 to January 1991. McWhirter observed the bird on Tonaki on 25 February 1986.

327-2. Subsp. Z. d. horsfieldi. Horsfield's Thrush. Ko-toratsugumi.
Status: Rare resident? in Iriomote.
Record: The BL has sites from Iriomote as a probable breeding resident. Note: White & Bruce (1986) treated horsfieldi as a full species.

328. Turdus hortulorum. Grey-backed Thrush. Kara-akahara.
Status: Rare migrant.
Record: One was found by Fujinami on 21 March 1982 on Iriomote (YL, Yacho 429, Fujinami 1982). This was a new species for the prefecture.

329. Turdus cardis. Japanese Grey Thrush. Kuro-tsugumi.
Status: Rare migrant.
Record: There is a record for Ishigaki on the BL. One is noted by Kohno & Shoyama (1982) for 8 December 1977 on Iriomote. On 11 March 1979, one young male was banded by Mano on Isagawa, Nago-shi, Okinawa. One male was photographed by Takehara on 10 November 1990 on Kita-daito. One was captured on 18 November 1991 on Hatoma by Yutaka Iha. Iozawa observed four female during February to April 1991 on Yonaguni. These were new sites for prefecture.

330. Turdus chrysolaus. Brown Thrush. Akahara.
Status: Common/Uncommon winter visitor.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa, Ie) the S. Ryukyus (Miyako, Ishigaki, Iriomote, Taketomi, Kohama-obs., Kuro-obs., Hateruma-obs., Yonaguni).

331. Turdus pallidus. Pale Thrush. Shirohara.
Status: Common winter visitor.
Record: The BL has sites from all Ryukyus (Amami-oshima to Yonaguni). Ikenaga observed many birds on Kita-daito on 2 March 1984 (also Miyagi & Takehara 1992), and Osawa & Osawa (1995) reported several records from Minami-daito.

332. Turdus obscurus. Eye-browed Thrush. Mamicha-jinai.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has no winter records for Japan. The thrush is on the YL as wintering; Shoyama banded one male on 16 March 1994 on Iriomote. There are three winter records from Okinawa. McWhirter had one near Zukeran, Kitanakagusuku-son from 23 January to 2 February 1981, and another on 15 December 1981 at Ishikawa-shi. Shoyama and Kedashiro found one in December 1985 near Ada, Kunigami-son. The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa) and S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki, Yonaguni).

333. Turdus ruficollis. Black-throated Thrush. Nodo-guro-tsugumi.
333-1. T. r. atrogularis. Black-throated Thrush. Nodo-guro-tsugumi.
Status: Straggler.
Record: The BL has a record from Ishigaki on March 1920.

333-2. T. r. ruficollis. Red-throated Thrush. Nodo-aka-tsugumi.
Status: Straggler.
Record: Many observers saw a male of this subspecies on 21 March 1982 on Yonaguni and reported it in Yacho 430.

334. Turdus naumanni. Dusky Thrush. Tsugumi.
334-1. Subsp. T. n. eunomus. Tsugumi.
Status: Common migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has sites from all Ryukyus (Amami-oshima to Yonaguni). Osawa & Osawa (1995) reported several records from Minami-daito and Ikenaga saw a small flock on Kita-daito on 3 March 1984 (also Miyagi & Takehara 1992).

334-2. Subsp. T. n. naumani. Hachijo-tsugumi.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa) and S. Ryukyus (Miyako, Ishigaki, Yonaguni).

335. Turdus merula. Blackbird. Kuro-utadori.
Status: Rare/Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has no records, but it has occurred recently in Japan. On Yonaguni, Yuuji Sasahara and T. Maeda reported a pair on 10-11 March 1982 in Yacho 429, and Iozawa banded one male on 7-13 March 1993. Maeda and Shimizu reported a single bird on Iriomote on 24 March 1984 in Yacho 473. Sallee found one with a flock of Turdus naumanni, Dusky Thrush, on Izena on 25 March 1986. On Iriomote, Shoyama has three sets of observation records for the bird; on 22 February 1984, 18 March 1993 and 25 March 1996.

336. Turdus iliacus. Redwing. Wakiaka-tsugumi.
Status: Straggler.
Record: The BL has a Honshu (in Chiba pref. 1933) record, and BOJ notes two. McWhirter saw one with six Turdus naumanni at Namizato, Kin-cho, Okinawa on 23 November 1983. (see Appendix).

Family SYLVIIDAE
337. Cettia squamiceps. Short-tailed Bush Warbler. Yabusame.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has no winter records for Japan. There are three winter records from Okinawa, all of single birds. McWhirter saw one on 10 January 1981 near Mt. Terukubi-dake, Kunigami-son, Gima photographed one on January 1986 on Ohgimi-son (WBO, NWBO), and Speegle photographed one near Konbu, Gushikawa-shi on 14 February 1986. The YL also lists it for January, Iozawa observed two birds on 9 April 1991 on Yonaguni. Another one bird was captured on Kita-daito on November 1991 (Miyagi & Takehara 1992). The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa, Zamami) and S. Ryukyus (Miyako, Ishigaki, Iriomote).

338. Cettia diphone. Japanese Bush Warbler. Uguisu.
338-1. Subsp. C. d. riukiuensis. Ryukyu-uguisu.
Status: Common resident.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa, Kume), S. Ryukyus (Miyako, Ishigaki, Iriomote, Taketomi-obs., Kohama-obs., Kuro-obs., Hateruma-obs., Yonaguni-obs.) and Daito Is. (Minami-daito). The bird recorded from small islands near Okinawa; Iheya (3-5 February 1984 by Kaneda), Aguni (24 April 1982 by Kaneda), Tonaki (10 October 1986 by Ikenaga), Zamami (13 May 1985 by McWhirter) and Tokashiki (8 October 1985 by McWhirter). Ikenaga heard and observed the bird on Kita-daito on 3 March 1984; the song/voice of the bird seemed somewhat different from that of the Okinawa population (also Miyagi & Takehara 1992)

338-2. Subsp. C. d. restrictus. Daitou-hashinaga-uguisu.
Status: Extinct?
Record: The BL has a record from Minami-daito, as a resident subspecies. But it thougt to be extinct, and C. d. riukiuensis probably is introduced to the island.

338-3. Subsp. C. d. borearis. Chosen-uguisu.
Status: Straggler or locally winter visitor.
Record: The BL has no record for the subspecies from Japan, but it is recorded from Taiwan (Shigeta 1996). Iozawa has recorded several birds in the winter on Yonaguni since 1989.

339. Locustella fasciolata. Gray's Grasshopper-warbler. Ezo-sennyu.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa) and S. Ryukyus (Miyako, Ishigaki). McWhirter observed the bird on Tokashiki on 7 October 1986.

340. Locustella ochotensis. Middendorff's Grasshopper-warbler. Shima-sennyu.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL cites Yonaguni for the prefecture, and has no winter records for Japan. One is on the YL for 13 February 1982 on Iriomote. The ML has October and November records. McWhirter saw one on Tokashiki on 8 October 1985. On Okinawa, there are at least two banding records by Mano, one juvenile was captured on 22 September 1976 at Isagawa, Nago-shi, and another was banded on 19 September 1979 at Gabusoka, Nago-shi.

341. Locustella pleskei. Pleske's Grasshopper-warbler. Uchiyama-sennyu. Note: Often considered conspesific with L. ochotensis, but L. pleskei differs in voice, morphology and ecology (Navarov & Shibaev, 1983).
Status: Uncommon migrant.
Record: The BL has no record from Ryukyu. Iozawa observed several birds during March and April in 1993 and 1994 on Yonaguni.

342. Locustella lanceolata. Lanceolated Grasshopper-warbler. Makino-sennyu.
Status: Straggler or rare migrant.
Record: The BL has only observation record from Yonaguni. Akihiko Shiraishi (pers. comm.) observed one bird on 10 October 1982 at Okinawa Agri. Exp. Stn., Naha-shi, Okinawa.

343. Acrocephalus bistrigiceps. Black-browed Reed-warbler. Ko-yoshikiri.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: Kohno & Shoyama (1982) note it for February and March, on Iriomote The ML has records for October and November, and McWhirter and Nakasone had one on Tokashiki on 7 October 1986. The BL has no Ryukyu or Japan winter records.

344. Acrocephalus orientalis. Oriental Great Reed-warbler. Oh-yoshikiri.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: There are at least nine sets of records for Okinawa, including several records for December and January. Most of them were single birds, but Ikenaga saw three birds on Haebaru, Katsuren-cho, on 30 December 1985. Kohno and Shoyama (1982) have it for 8 March 1978 on Iriomote. Ikenaga and Numaguchi observed one bird on Iheya on 3 November 1985. These are new prefecture sites. The BL has no winter records for Japan. The BL has sites from the S. Ryukyus (Miyako, Ishigaki, Yonaguni) and Daito Is. (Minami-daito).

A note on the Phylloscopus warbler information below: Suitable criteria for field identification of non-breeding Phylloscopus warblers in East Asia are lacking at this time. Except for Phylloscopus inornatus and, possibly, Phylloscopus ijimae, the records below should be corroborated by photo or specimen.
***. Phylloscopus sp.. None of these warblers are on the BL as wintering in Japan, but McWhirter had two warblers on 10 January 1981 and one on 19 February 1983 on Okinawa, plus one on 25 February 1986 on Tokashiki that were not P. inornatus and most closely resembled P. borealis.

345. Phylloscopus fuscatus. Dusky Warbler. Muji-sekka.
Status: Rare migrant and winter visitor.
Record: One reported in Yacho 430 by Taiki Uyama for Iriomote on 23 March 1982. One was reported by Kohichi Hirose on 4 January 1986 on Iriomote (Yacho 494). One was photographed by Ohshiro on Kin-cho, Okinawa on March 1989 (NWBO, CD). Another single bird was recorded on 19 November 1991 on Minami-daito by Takehara. Uyama (1992) reported the bird as wintering in Yonaguni, Iriomote and Ishigaki. The BL has no records for Japan.

346. Phylloscopus schwarzi. Radde's Warbler. Karafuto-mujisekka.
Status: Straggler.
Record: One was seen on 8 February 1985 near Kijoka, Ohgimi-son, Okinawa by McWhirter and others. The BL has no records for Japan; see Yacho 491 for the first Japanese record. Uyama (1992) reported the bird as wintering in Yonaguni and Iriomote, with an observation record on Miyako.

347. Phylloscopus inornatus. Yellow-browed Warbler. Kimayu-mushikui.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: There are three winter records on Okinawa McWhirter saw one on 6 December 1980 near Hiji, Kunigami-son and another on 11 December near Mt. Terukubi-dake, Kunigami-son. Ikenaga had two birds on 10 January 1985, on Mihara, Nago-shi. At least 3-4 were noted on Tokashiki by McWhirter and others from 7 January to 1 April 1986. The warbler is considered a winter bird on the YL. As noted above, there are no Japan winter records on the BL. The ML has it for October and November, this is a new prefecture site. The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa, Kume) and S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki, Yonaguni).

348. Phylloscopus proregulus. Pallas's Willow-warbler. Karafuto-mushikui.
Status: Straggler.
Record: Nakasone observed one bird on Yonaguni on 25 November 1985. The BL has one record for Japan.

349. Phylloscopus borealis. Arctic Warbler. Meboso-mushikui.
Status: Uncommon migrant.
349-1. Subsp. P. b. borearis. Meboso-mushikui.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa), S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki, Yonaguni) and Daito Is. (Minami-daito). There are several records from small islands near Okinawa; Iheya (two birds on 3 November 1985 by Ikenaga and Numaguchi), Tonaki (10 October 1986 by Ikenaga) and Tokashiki (25 February 1986 by McWhirter).

349-2. Subsp. P. b. xanthodryas. Ko-meboso-mushikui.
Record: The BL has sites the from C. Ryukyus (Okinawa), S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki, Iriomote) and Daito Is. (Minami-daito). Miyagi & Takehara (1992) recorded the bird from Kita-daito.

350. Phylloscopus tennellipes. Pale-legged Leaf Warbler. Ezo-mushikui.
Status: Rare migrant.
Record: One was seen on 2 November 1981 at Ishikawa-shi, Okinawa by McWhirter. Yonaguni has a record on the BL for the prefecture.

351. Phylloscopus coronatus. Eastern Crowned Willow-warbler. Sendai-mushikui.
Status: Rare migrant.
Record: One was observed on 26 November 1985 on Tokashiki by McWhirter, Agnew, and Speegle. The BL has a prefecture record from Miyako.

352. Phylloscopus ijimae. Ijima's Willow-warbler. Ijima-mushikui.
Status: Rare migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The YL has a December record from Ishigaki, in 1981. This is a new prefecture site. There are no Japan winter records on the BL. The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa) and S. Ryukyus(Miyako, Yonaguni).

353. Prinia inornata. Plain Prinia. Mami-hauchiwadori.
Status: Straggler.
Record: One was seen on 18 March 1986 on Tokashiki I. by McWhirter and Nakasone. This may be the first record for Japan, but there is no evidential photograph. (see Appendix).

354. Regulus regulus. Goldcrest. Kiku-itadaki.
Status: Rare migrant and winter visitor.
Record: Since McWhirter and Burris saw one on 9 November 1980 there have been at least five records for Okinawa up to 1986 the last on 25 November 1984 by L. Cressler. Yutaka Sagae also reported one from Kume-jima. Osawa & Osawa (1995) reported it from Minami-daito on December 1988. One dead body was found by Noriaki Sakaguchi on 2 November 1985 on Iriomote. Since 1989, Iozawa has observed several birds as winter visitor on Yonaguni. The records are of 1-2 birds in November and December. The BL has a record from Ishigaki for the prefecture.

355. Cisticola juncidis. Fan-tailed Warbler. Sekka.
Status: Common resident.
Record: The BL has sites from all Ryukyus (Amami-oshima to Yonaguni).

Family MUSCICAPIDAE
356. Ficedula zanthopygia. Tricolor Flycatcher. Mamijiro-kibitaki.
Status: Rare migrant.
Record: It is on the ML for 14 September 1980. The YL has one for 26 November 1977 on Iriomote. Kohno and Shoyama (1982) have another for 30 August 1982 for Iriomote, and also note the species for Nakanougan with no details. Brazil (pers. comm.) has mentioned seeing the species on bird watchers notebooks (log books at inns) on Yonaguni The species is new for the prefecture.

357. Ficedula narcissina. Narcissus Flycatcher. Kibitaki.
357-1. Subsp. F. n. narcissina. Kibitaki.
Status: Rare migrant.
Record: The BL has sites from the S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki) and Daito Is. (Minami-daito).

357-2. Subsp. F. n. owstoni. Ryukyu-kibitaki.
Status: Uncommon or locally common resident.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa) and S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki, Iriomote).

358. Ficedula mugimaki. Mugimaki Flycatcher. Mugimaki.
Status: Rare migrant.
Record: The YL has Iriomote records for 18 March 1973 and 4 April 1977; see Yacho 364. The ML has a male for 26 November 1979. These are new prefecture sites. Another male was seen by McWhirter and Speegle near Cape Kyan-misaki, Itoman-shi. Okinawa on 29 October 1985, the first Okinawa I. sighting in 95 years (Hachisuka & Udagawa 1953, BL).

359. Ficedula parva. Red-breasted Flycatcher. Ojiro-bitaki.
Status: Rare winter visitor.
Record: Kaneda saw one bird on Yonaguni on 30 December 1984 and 30 December 1985. On Tokashiki, one was seen on 11 February (Kaneda and others) through 18 March (McWhirter and Nakasone) 1986 (WBO). The BL has no records for the prefecture.

360. Cyanoptila cyanomelana. Blue-and-white Flycatcher. Oh-ruri.
Status: Rare migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has prefecture records for Yonaguni and Okinawa, the latter being an old record (Sho 1918). The ML has it for October. There are two recent Okinawa records. Nagamine and Nakasone caught and measured a young male near Takaesu, Gushikawa-shi on 5 October 1977. M. Kaneshiro and others saw one female and young male near Okuni-rindo, Kunigami-son on 10 October 1986. Osawa & Osawa (1995) reported it from Minami-daito on April 1993. One male was observed on 23 April 1990 and another male was seen on 25 September 1992 on Hatoma by Iha. These are new sites for the prefecture.

361. Niltava vivida. Vivid Niltava. Chabara-ohruri.
Status: Straggler?
Record: One male was captured at Nishizaki Junior-high school, Itoman-shi, Okinawa on 2 May 1989. It remains a possibility for being an escaped caged bird. The bird is common on Taiwan (Wang and others 1991).

362. Muscicapa sibirica. Sooty Flycatcher. Same-bitaki.
Status: Uncommon migrant.
Record: The BL has records from Yonaguni and Minami-daito. There are three Okinawa I. records. Singles were seen on 2 May 1981 at Cape Hedo-misaki, Kunigami-son by McWhirter, 24 September 1984 near Esu, Ohgimi-son by Ikenaga and Brazil, and 14 October 1984 near Onna-son by Nakasone. It is also on the ML for October and November. These are new sites for the prefecture.

363. Muscicapa griseisticta. Grey-spotted Flycatcher. Ezo-bitaki.
Status: Common autumn migrant.
Record: The YL has a February record. There are no Japan winter records on the BL. The ML has it for September to November. One bird was recorded on 10 September 1993 in Kume by Takehara and others (1995a). Ikenaga and Numaguchi observed one bird on Iheya on 2 November 1985, Ikenaga saw one on Tonaki on 10 October 1986. McWhirter saw the bird on Tokashiki on 20 October 1985. Miyagi & Takehara (1992) recorded the birds from Kita-daito. These are new sites for the prefecture; The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa), S. Ryukyus (Kuro-obs., Yonaguni) and Daito Is. (Minami-daito).

364. Muscicapa latirostris. Brown Flycatcher. Kosame-bitaki.
Status: Rare migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The species is on the BL for Ishigaki and Yonaguni from the prefecture, and there are no winter records for Japan. There are four Okinawa I. records. Singles were seen on 3 April 1971 near Mt. Yonaha-dake, Kunigami-son by Beringer (1972, photo), on 3 November 1979 at Kin-cho by LeGrand, on 19 August 1982 near Benoki-rindo, Kunigami-son by Ikenaga and Keisuke Ueda, and from early January to at least 20 February 1986 near Ishikawa-shi by Matayoshi and others. See WBO. McWhirter and Nakasone saw one on Tokashiki on 7 October 1986. It is on the ML for October and November, and on the YL and Kohno & Shoyama (1982) for December and February. Osawa & Osawa (1995) reported it from Minami-daito on October 1989.

365. Muscicapa ferruginea. Ferruginous Flycatcher. Miyama-hitaki.
Status: Rare migrant.
Record: Not on the BL. From 1 to 10 April 1984, one was seen and photographed by Hideo Yazawa and Mitsuhiko Okuhara on Yonaguni, new for the prefecture and the second record for Japan.

Family MONARCHIDAE
366. Terpsiphone atrocaudadta. Black Paradise Flycatcher. Sankou-cho.
366-1. Subsp. T. a. illex. Ryukyu-sankoucho.
Status: Common summer visitor.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa, Yagachi, Iheya, Izena, Ie, Zamami, Kume) and S. Ryukyus (Miyako, Ishigaki, Iriomote, Kuro, Yonaguni). McWhirter saw the bird on Tokashiki on 29 April 1986.

Family REMIZIDAE
367. Remiz pendulinus. Penduline Tit. Tsurisugara.
Status: Rare winter visitor.
Record: In the BL, it is treated as an accidental visitor for Japan with three records, not from the prefecture. But the bird has recentry been expanding its winter range. A small flock was seen on Nishizaki, Itoman-shi, Okinawa on March 1987 and November 1988 by Ohshiro, Higa and others (NWBO).

Family PARIDAE
368. Parus ater. Coal Tit. Higara.
Status: Uncertain old record.
Record: There is an old "Ryukyu" record in the BL. There is a breeding subspecies in Taiwan (Wang and others 1991).

369. Parus varius. Varied Tit. Yamagara.
369-1. Subsp. P. v. amamii. Amami-yamagara.
Status: Common resident.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa).

369-2. Subsp. P. v. orii. Daito-yamagara.
Status: Extinct?
Record: The BL has sites from Daito Is (Kita-daito, Minami-daito). There are no recent records from the islands.

369-3. Subsp. P. v. olivaceus. Orii-yamagara.
Status: Rare resident.
Record: The BL has sites from the S. Ryukyus (Iriomote).

370. Parus major. Great Tit. Shijukara.
370-1. Subsp. P. m. okinawae. Okinawa-shijukara.
Status: Common resident.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa, Yagachi).

370-2. Subsp. P. m. nigriloris. Ishigaki-shijukara.
Status: Common resident.
Record: The BL has sites from the S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki, Iriomote).

Family
ZOSTEROPIDAE
371. Zosterops japonicus. Japanese White-eye. Mejiro.
Note: There are four subspecies recorded from the prefecture in the BL.
371-1. Subsp. Z. j. japonicus. Mejiro.
Status: Uncommon winter visitor.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa, Zamami, Kume).

371-2. Subsp. Z. j. insularis. Tane-mejiro.
Status: Straggler?
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Kume).

371-3. Subsp. Z. j. loochooensis. Ryukyu-mejiro.
Status: Common resident.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa, Yagachi, Iheya, Ie, Zamami, Kume) and S. Ryukyus (Miyako, Ishigaki, Iriomote, Hatoma, Taketomi, Kuro, Yonaguni). Kaneda recorded the bird from Aguni on 24 April 1982, and McWhirter saw it on Tokashiki on 8 October 1985.

371-4. Subsp. Z. j. daitoensis. Daitou-mejiro.
Status: Common resident on Daito.
Record: The BL has sites from Daito Is. (Kita-daito, Minami-daito).

Family EMBERIZIDAE
372. Melophus lathami. Crested Bunting. Renjaku-nojiko.
Status: Straggler.
Record: One female was photographed on Hoshidate, Iriomote on 27 May 1987 by Yoshimi (1992), for the first record in Japan. The bird was also recorded in Taiwan (Wang and others 1991).

373. Emberiza cioides. Siberian Meadow Bunting. Hoojiro.
Status: Rare migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The YL has at least one on 25 February 1974 on Iriomote. One or two birds were seen at Namizato, Kin-cho, Okinawa from late November to 3 December 1985 by Michio Kinjo (photo, see WBO), Kaneda, and McWhirter. Another was sighted at Cape Hedo-misaki, Kunigami-son, Okinawa on 2 December 1985 by Kaneda. There are no Ryukyu records on the BL.

374. Emberiza tristrami. Tristram's Bunting. Shirohara-hoojiro.
Status: Rare migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has an old record from the S. Ryukyus (Iriomote, October 1921), and no winter records for Japan. One was photographed by Higa on 31 December 1984 in Yonaguni (NWBO). One male and female were recorded on Nishizaki, Itoman-shi, Okinawa on May 1988 by Higa and others (CD).

375. Emberiza fucata. Grey-headed Bunting. Hooaka.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: It is on the BL for Ie and Ishigaki. The YL has another Ishigaki record from December 1977. At least two were seen on 28 October, 2 November 1981 at Ishikawa-shi, Okinawa by McWhirter, who also saw one at Namizato, Kin-cho, Okinawa on 4 December 1981. One was seen by Numaguchi and Ikenaga on 31 December at Miyagi, Higashi-son, Okinawa. Ikenaga, Takehara (NWBO), and McWhirter had one on 29 April 1986 on Tokashiki.

376. Emberiza pusilla. Little Bunting. Ko-hooaka.
Status: Uncommon migrant.
Record: The BL has an observation from Yonaguni for the prefecture. Up to 1986, there are at least seven sets of records, 1-5 birds, October through March, on Okinawa. The last was on 1 January 1986 on Miyagi, Higashi-son, when Numaguchi photographed one; see WBO. The YL has a record for 28 April 1980 on Iriomote. McWhirter saw one on Tokashiki on 8 October 1985. On 11 October, two were seen by Ikenaga on Tonaki.

377. Emberiza chrysophrys. Yellow-browed Bunting. Kimayu-hoojiro.
Status: Rare migrant.
Record: The BL has one record for Japan, but there are recent records for every spring on Tsushima. The YL notes one for Iriomote on 28 April 1980. Higa recorded one bird from Yonaguni on 31 December 1984 (Strix 5), and photographed one bird on Nishizaki, Itoman-shi, Okinawa on 11 May 1988 (NWBO). One bird was captured on 25 September 1992 on Hatoma by Iha.

378. Emberiza rustica. Rustic Bunting. Kashiradaka.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has an observation from Iriomote for the prefecture. There have been four sets of records for Okinawa up to 1986. Nakasone had at least one at Maehara, Gushikawa-shi on 27 February 1977. McWhirter, Burris, and others had 5-22 at Ishikawa-shi from 24 October 1981 to 24 January 1982. McWhirter and Burris also had 3-4 birds at Yone, Tomigusuku-son on 25 October and 8 November 1981. Ikenaga had a male on Miyagi, Higashi-son in 2 March 1986. Nakasone, Speegle (photo), and McWhirter had a bird on Tokashiki on 25 February 1986. The ML has it for October and November. The YL has it as wintering, and Kohno and Shoyama (1982) regard as common in winter. Iozawa has observed wintering birds (10-20) on Yonaguni since 1989.

379. Emberiza elegans. Yellow-throated Bunting. Miyama-hoojiro.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: It is common on Okinawa in winter with many observations and a few photos; see WBO. The ML has only a March record, but it is listed as a wintering on the YL and Kohno and Shoyama (1982). On Iheya, Kaneda recorded at least one bird on 3-5 February 1984 and Numaguchi and Ikenaga saw a few birds on 3 November 1985. McWhirter observed the bird on Tokashiki on 26 November 1985. Miyagi & Takehara (1992) recorded the bird from Kita-daito. The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa) and S. Ryukyus (Iriomote-obs., Yonaguni-obs.).

380. Emberiza aureola. Yellow-breasted Bunting. Shima-aoji.
Status: Rare migrant.
Record: There are no Ryukyu records on the BL. One was seen by McWhirter, Kaneda, and Ikenaga at Igei, Kin-cho, Okinawa from 9-15 March 1984. Another was seen on Tokashiki on 20 October 1985 by McWhirter and the Cresslers. The ML has an April record. The YL cites one for Iriomote from 27 April to 13 May 1980, and Kohno & Shoyama (1982) have a September record for Iriomote. The YL has a Yonaguni record from 30 April to 2 May 1980, and Kaneda recorded one bird on 30 December 1984 on Yonaguni. Higa photographed a male on 4 May 1988 on Nishizaki, Itoman-shi (NWBO).

381. Emberiza rutila. Chestnut Bunting. Shima-nojiko.
Status: Rare migrant.
Record: The YL has it on Iriomote from 27 April to 1 May 1980. Kohno & Shoyama (1982) have a September record with no details. Higa photographed a male on 11 May 1988 on Nishizaki, Itoman-shi (NWBO). Iozawa observer one female during January to March in 1989 and 1990 at the same place in Yonaguni. This is a new species for the prefecture.

382. Emberiza melanocephala. Black-headed Bunting. Zuguro-chakincho.
Status: Straggler.
Record: There is a photograph of two female buntings on 1 November 1985 at Namizato, Kin-cho in WBO that may be this species; however, there is some problem separating females of this species from Emberiza bruniceps, Red-headed Bunting [Cakin-cho]. At least two other records from the prefecture could be either of these two species. One bird was recorded on Tokashiki on 14 October 1985 by Kaneda, and two birds on Yonaguni on 29 December 1985 by Kaneda, Hanashiro and others. All have been female or immature plumage birds in autumn.

383. Emberiza sulphurata. Japanese Yellow Bunting. Nojiko.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: It is on the OL without details. A female was seen on Tokashiki on 26 November 1985 by McWhirter, Speegle (photo), and Agnew. The YL has it for Ishigaki on 20 November 1974 and for Iriomote on 30 January and 5 December 1979. Kohno & Shoyama (1982) have a September record for Iriomote. Nakasone and Yamashiro observed one on Yonaguni on 25 November 1985. Kaneda had another there on 28 April 1985 and Ikenaga had one male again on 22 November 1987. The BL has no Ryukyu or Japan winter records.

384. Emberiza spodocephala. Black-faced Bunting. Aoji.
384-1. Subsp. E. s. personata. Aoji.
Status: Common winter visitor.
Record: It has wintered in S. Ryukyu and Tokashiki I. (YL, ML, McWhirter). Kaneda recorded the bird from Aguni on 24 April 1982. These are new prefecture sites. The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa, Iheya, Zamami) and S. Ryukyus (Taketomi-obs., Yonaguni-obs.).

384-2. Subsp. E. s. spodocephala. Shiberia-aoji.
Status: Uncommon winter visitor.
Record: The BL has sites from the S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki). Since 1989, Iozawa has observed many birds as wintering in Yonaguni.

385. Emberiza variabilis. Grey Bunting. Kuroji.
Status: Uncommon winter visitor.
Record: It is noted for Iriomote on 29 April 1977 on the YL and in Kohno and Shoyama (1982). Tange (1982) recorded two birds from Yonaguni on February 1981. This is the most southern record for Japan and a new prefecture site. The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa, Kume) and S. Ryukyus (Miyako).

386. Emberiza schoeniclus. Reed Bunting. Oh-jurin.
Status: Rare winter visitor.
Record: There are no Ryukyu records on the BL. There have been four records from Okinawa, up to 1987. Otsuka (1978) recorded two at Senaga-jima near Yone, Tomigusuku-son during March 1978. One was seen near Yone, Tomigusuku-son by Higa, M. Kaneshiro, and others on 25 October 1981. Many observers saw a flock of up to ten that spent most of the winter of 1986-87 at Nishizaki, Itoman-shi. Higa photographed one bird on Gushi, Naha-shi on 15 January 1987. Kugai (pers. comm.) has indicated at least one record for Miyako.

387. Calcarius lapponicus. Lapland Longspur. Tsumenaga-hoojiro.
Status: Straggler or rare migrant.
Record: An immature female was observed at close range at Miyagi, Higashi-son, Okinawa on 12 October 1983 by Ikenaga. Another in the same plumage was seen well at Hedo-misaki, Kunigami-son, Okinawa on 13 October 1985 by Sallee. One young bird was seen on 11 October 1986 by Ikenaga on Tonaki. Takehara photographed one male on Cape Agari-henna-zaki, Miyako on 2 February (NWBO). Iozawa saw three birds on Yonaguni during January to March 1992. The species is new for the prefecture. These may be the most southern records for the area.

388. Passerculus sandwichensis. Savannah Sparrow. Kusachi-himedori.
Status: Straggler.
Record: One was seen on 3 December 1985 at Kin, Kin-cho, Okinawa by McWhirter. The BL has no records for the species, but see BOJ. (see Appendix).

Family FRINGILLIDAE
389. Fringilla montifringilla. Brambling. Atori.
Status: Rare migrant.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa) and S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki). Kaneda observed 15+ birds on Tokashiki on 14 October 1985. Iozawa recorded the bird as wintering on Yonaguni in 1989, 1990 and 1992. Osawa & Osawa (1995) reported it from Minami-daito on December 1988.

390. Carduelis sinica. Oriental Greenfinch. Kawara-hiwa.
390-1. Subsp. C. s. kawarahiba. Oh-kawara-hiwa.
Status: Uncommon winter visitor.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa) and S. Ryukyus (Miyako-obs., Ishigaki-obs., Kohama-obs., Kuro-obs.). Kaneda observed the bird on Zamami on 16 October 1982 and McWhirter saw it on Tokashiki on 5 November 1985. Miyagi & Takehara (1992) recorded the birds from Kita-daito. These are new prefecture sites.

391. Carduelis spinus. Siskin. Mahiwa.
Status: Common/Uncommon winter visitor, year by year.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa) and S. Ryukyus (Miyako, Ishigaki, Iriomote, Yonaguni). Ikenaga and Numaguchi saw the bird on Iheya on 2 November 1985.

392. Acanthis flammea. Redpoll. Beni-hiwa.
Status: Rare winter visitor.
Record: Kohno & Shoyama (1982) note one or more on Iriomote I. on 3 December 1977. This was the first prefecture record, and it may be the most southern for E. Asia.

393. Carpodacus roseus. Pallas's Rosy Finch. Oh-mashiko.
Status: Rare migrant and winter visitor.
Record: One was seen by McWhirter near Okuma, Kunigami-son, Okinawa on 4 December 1981 and the YL has another for Ishigaki on 31 December 1981. These are the first prefecture records, and may be the most southern for E. Asia.

394. Loxia curvirostra. Crossbill. Isuka.
Status: Rare winter visitor.
Record: The OL has a record with no details. Kugai (pers. comm.) observed one on Miyako during 1986. Gima observed the bird on November 1994 on Gaji, Kunigami-son, Okinawa. The species had not been seen in the prefecture previously.

395. Pyrrhula pyrrhula. Bullfinch. Uso.
Status: Rare winter visitor.
Record: Tomori (1977) reported the bird for the bird list of Nago-shi. Kugai observed one bird near Hentona, Kunigami-son, Okinawa on 26 November 1995. These are new records for the prefecture.

396. Eophona migratoria. Black-tailed Grosbeak. Ko-ikaru.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: Seven were seen on 14 January 1982 near Chibana, Okinawa-shi, Okinawa by McWhirter. One at Namizato, Kin-cho, Okinawa on 2-3 November 1984 was seen by McWhirter, Ikenaga, and others. See WBO. The ML has an October record. These are new sites in the prefecture. The BL has sites from the S. Ryukyus (Iriomote, Yonaguni).

397. Eophona personata. Japanese Grosbeak. Ikaru.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has a record from Yonaguni for the prefecture. There are at least three sightings from Okinawa. McWhirter saw three at Hedo-misaki, Kunigami-son on 2 October 1981, and Ikenaga had 15+ at Kijoka, Ogimi-son on 18 December 1982 and 27 birds at Takae, Higashi-son on 29 December 1985. It is on the ML for September through November. The YL has an Ishigaki record for 15 September 1976. For Iriomote, Kohno & Shoyama (1982) have it for September through December, and there are individual records on the YL for 2 December 1979 and by Yamashiro and Nakasone for 20 November 1985. Osawa & Osawa (1995) reported it from Minami-daito during December 1994 to January 1995, and Kedashiro photographed one on Kita-daito on 15-18 May 1986 (also Miyagi & Takehara 1992).

398. Coccothraustes coccothraustes. Hawfinch. Shime.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa) and S. Ryukyus (Miyako, Ishigaki, Iriomote, Taketomi, Kuro, Yonaguni). McWhirter observed one on Tokashiki on 27 March 1987. Osawa & Osawa (1995) reported it from Minami-daito on October 1989, and Miyagi & Takehara (1992) recorded the birds from Kita-daito. These are new sites for prefecture.

Family PLOCEIDAE
399. Passer rutilans. Russet Sparrow. Nyunai-suzume.
Status: Rare winter visitor.
Record: The OL has a record; however, some local birders believe the bird was an immature Passer montanus. The record is hypothetical at best. In 1989 on Okinawa, Kuniharu Miyagi and Kudaka recorded six birds on Kaganji, Kunigami-son on 10 January (Strix 8), and six birds were seen again by Kaneda on Namizato, Kin-cho in January. Ohshiro photographed one male on Kin-cho, Okinawa on February 1991 (NWBO, CD). Iozawa recorded 10 to 20 birds on Yonaguni, during the winters of 1989 and 1990. These were first record for prefecture.

400. Passer montanus. Tree Sparrow. Suzume.
Status: Common resident.
Record: The BL has sites from all Ryukyus (from Tokara Is. and Amami-oshima to Yonaguni) as well as Daito Is. (Kita-daito, Minami-daito; introduced).

Family ESTRILDIDAE
401. Lonchura punctulata. Scaly-breasted Munia. Shima-kinpara.
401-1. Subsp. L. p. topela. Amime.
Status: Locally common resident in central to northern Okinawa.
Record: This species has become an established breeder on Okinawa. Flocks of up to 35 birds, including many immature birds, have been seen at 15 sites or more. It is doubtful that the species is native. Sightings go back to the early 1970's. McWhirter (1985) found a nest in 1984. McWhirter also observed the bird on Tokashiki on 20 October 1985, and Takehara & Harato (1992) recorded as a breeding bird in Ie. The bird is recorded as a common resident in Taiwan (Wang and others 1991).

402. Lonchura malacca. Black-headed Munia. Ginpara.
402-1. Subsp. L. m. atricapilla. Southern Black-headed Munia. Kinpara.
Status: Locally common resident on southern Okinawa.
Record: This species is undoubtably an escaped cage bird that has become feral. No nests have been found, but many flocks with immature birds have been seen. Flocks of up to 70 birds occur. Records go back to at least 1970 (Beringer 1976).

403. Lonchura striata. White-rumped Munia. Koshijiro-kinpara.
Status: Locally common resident on northern Okinawa.
Record: It is probably the latest Ploceid to become established on Okinawa, and is doubtfully a native species. Flocks of up to 65, including young, have been seen at seven sites. The status of the three Lonchura spp. in the rest of the prefecture is not clear. The bird is recorded as a common resident in Taiwan (Wang and others 1991).

Family STURNIDAE
404. Sturnus sturninus. Daurian Starling. Shiberia-mukudori.
Status: Rare migrant.
Record: The BL has a record for the Ogasawara Is.; the YL has a record for 27 October 1980 on Ishigaki. On Yonaguni, Kanehisa Tagi and others recorded one male at Sonai on 13 March 1991 (Yacho 542), and Iozawa observed one female on 7 April 1991.

405. Sturnus philippensis. Red-cheeked Starling. Ko-mukudori.
Status: Common migrant.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa, Ie), S. Ryukyus (Miyako, Ishigaki, Iriomote, Yonaguni) and Daito Is. (Kita-daito, Minami-daito). There are several records from small islands near Okinawa; Iheya (3 May 1984 by Ikenaga), Aguni (24 April 1982 by Kaneda), Zamami (16 October 1982 by Kaneda) and Tokashiki (1 May 1987 by McWhirter).

406. Sturnus sinensis. Grey-backed Starling. Kara-mukudori.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has one old record on Ishigaki (September 1939). There have been four records of 1-40 birds on Okinawa during September and October. The first was on 10 September 1978 by Nakasone. The ML has 50+ birds on 15-17 September 1981 (also in Yacho 425). On Yonaguni, Iozawa observed one male at Sonai on 1 March 1989. The starling is regarded as wintering on the YL. These are new sites for the prefecture.

407. Sturnus cineraceus. Grey Starling. Mukudori.
Status: Uncommon/Common migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa), S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki, Iriomote, Yonaguni, Senkaku Is.) and Daito Is. (Minami-daito). Kaneda and others observed the bird on Iheya on 23-25 November 1984, and McWhirter saw it on Tokashiki on 14 October 1986. Miyagi & Takehara (1992) recorded the birds from Kita-daito. Takehara & Harato (1992) reported one breeding record on 12 May 1991 on Ie-shima Island.

408. Sturnus vulgaris. European Starling. Hoshi-mukudori.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has an observation from Kyushu, but questions the wildness of the bird. One was seen on Ishigaki on 6 November 1974 (OL, YL). During 1980 to 1986, there have been at least four sets of records on Okinawa, all of single birds in autumn or winter. The first was on 6 November 1981, and the last from 25 October to 28 November 1984 (McWhirter, Nakasone, others, WBO). Ikenaga found a flock of eight birds on 2 January 1984 on Ishigaki (Yacho 465). One was observed on 23 November 1985 on Iriomote by Nakasone and Yamashiro. On Ie, Takehara & Harato (1992) recorded eight birds at Ie airport on 20 January 1991. Takehara observed one on 19 November 1991 in Minami-daito, and reported another single bird on 26 December 1994 from Kume (Takehara and others 1995, CD). Iozawa has seen and photographed the bird on Yonaguni as wintering since 1989.

409. Sturnus sericeus. Silky Starling. Gin-mukudori.
Status: Rare migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has no record of it, but see BOJ. On 29 December 1979, six birds were seen by Uyama on Yonaguni (YL, Yacho 404). One was sighted on Iriomote on 30 December 1980 by Nobuyuki Suzuki (Yacho 418), and another on Ishigaki during April 1981, and January and February 1982 (YL, Yacho 429). Yamamoto and Kugai observed one on Miyako on 14 March 1982 (Yacho 429). A female at Taira, Nago-shi, Okinawa on 22-23 March 1986 was seen by Numaguchi, Ikenaga, and McWhirter, and a male on Tokashiki on 1 April 1986 was spotted by McWhirter, Nakasone, and others.

410. Acridotheres cristatellus. Crested Myna. Hakka-cho.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has no record. During 1980 to 1989 (12 March) it has occurred regularly on Yonaguni (WBO, YL, Yacho 404, Nagamine, Yamashiro, Nakasone, Kaneda, others), and has been seen at least once on Iriomote (YL) and the Senkaku Is. (Ikehara 1983). The myna may stray from Taiwan, where it breeds (King & Dickenson 1975, Wang and others 1991). After 1990, the next species, White-vented Myna, replaced the Crested Myna on Yonaguni.

411. Acridotheres grandis. White-vented Myna. Oh-hakka.
Status: Locally resident on Yonaguni.
Record: The BL has no record. After 1990 (from 16 January, max. 19 birds on 18 February; Iozawa 1991) the Myna probably became an established breeder on Yonaguni. It is treated as a escaped caged bird or as introduced in Taiwan (Wang and others 1991) and Hong Kong (Viney and others 1994).

Family ORIOLIDAE
412. Oriolus chinensis. Black-naped Oriole. Kourai-uguisu.
Status: Straggler.
Record: No record on the BL for the Ryukyus. Yoshimi observed one on Hoshidate, Iriomote on 15 May 1988.

Family DICRURIDAE
413. Dicrurus macrocercus. Black Drongo. Ouchu.
Status: Rare migrant.
Record: This is another stray from Taiwan. It is recorded on the YL for 13 April 1976 for Iriomote, Kobayashi (1980) has the same bird for 3 May 1976. The YL also has a 2 May 1980 record for Yonaguni and another Iriomote record for 16 August 1980. On Okinawa one was photographed by Higa on 29 April on Kunigami-son (NWBO), one was recorded at Yagaji, Nago-shi on May 1992 (CD) and two were observed by Nakasone on 16 May 1993 at Higashionna, Ishikawa-shi. This was a new species for Japan.

Family ARTAMIDAE
414. Artamus leucorhynchus. White-breasted Wood-swallow. Mori-tsubame.
Status: Accidental.
Record: The BL has only one record from the S. Ryukyus (Iriomote, April 1973) in Japan. Hideo Shimura (pers. com.) observed one bird near Mitara, Iriomote on 16 March 1986.

Family CORVIDAE
415. Corvus dauuricus. Daurian Jackdaw. Kokumaru-garasu.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The YL and Yacho 418 have three sets of records from Iriomote. On Okinawa, Bise and Yamashiro photographed a bird at Namizato, Kin-cho on 30 October 1984. One bird was recorded on 27 November 1994 in Aguni I. by Takehara and others (1995b, CD). These are new sites within the prefecture. The BL has a site from the S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki).

416. Corvus frugilegus. Rook. Miyama-garasu.
Status: Uncommon migrant and winter visitor.
Record: The BL has two 1932 records from the Daito Is. Tamashiro had a bird at Goga, Nago-shi, Okinawa on 18 February 1977. Ikenaga and Numaguchi photographed one on Iheya during 2-4 November 1985 (Yacho 476, WBO). Higa photographed two birds on Nago-shi, Okinawa on December 1992 (NWBO). Tetsujiro Harato and Kinjo observed one bird on 26 December 1986 on Yonaguni, and Shoyama photographed one bird on 20 November 1987 on Iriomote.

417. Corvus corone. Carrion Crow. Hashiboso-garasu.
Status: Rare migrant.
Record: The BL has one old record from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa, May 1933)$B!%(BNakasone observed one bird on Namizato, Kin-cho, Okinawa on January 1996.

418. Corvus macrorhynchos. Jungle Crow. Hashibuto-garasu.
418-1. Subsp. C. m. japonensis. Hashibuto-garasu.
Status: Straggler.
Record: The BL has one old record from Daito Is. (Minami-daito, December 1924).
418-2. Subsp. C. m. connectens. Ryukyu-hashibuto-garasu.
Status: Locally common resident.
Record: The BL has sites from the C. Ryukyus (Okinawa, Zamami, Kume) and S. Ryukyus (Miyako). The bird is also recorded from Tokashiki (8 October 1985 by McWhirter) and Aka (13 May 1985 by McWhirter).

418-3. Subsp. C. m. osai. Osa-hashibuto-garasu.
Status: Locally common resident.
Record: The BL has sites from the S. Ryukyus (Ishigaki, Iriomote, Taketomi, Kohama, Kuro, Aragusuku, Hateruma).

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Last modified: April 25, 1997.
Fer-Jan de Vries, ferjan@etl.go.jp